{"id":54869,"date":"2022-10-27T11:32:32","date_gmt":"2022-10-27T10:32:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agrovin.com\/evolutii-in-viticultura-ecologica-in-intreaga-lume\/"},"modified":"2024-03-05T18:59:52","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T17:59:52","slug":"evolutii-in-viticultura-ecologica-in-intreaga-lume","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrovin.com\/ro\/evolutii-in-viticultura-ecologica-in-intreaga-lume\/","title":{"rendered":"Evolu\u021bii \u00een viticultura ecologic\u0103 \u00een \u00eentreaga lume"},"content":{"rendered":"

Se pare c\u0103 a vorbi despre viticultur\u0103 ecologic\u0103 \u00een zilele noastre este o metod\u0103 larg r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 \u0219i cunoscut\u0103, dar nu a fost \u00eentotdeauna a\u0219a. La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XX-lea, c\u00e2nd termenul “organic” a \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie folosit \u00een viticultur\u0103, asocierea sa avea mai mult de-a face cu o tendin\u021b\u0103 trec\u0103toare dec\u00e2t cu o realitate care ast\u0103zi face parte din obiceiurile de consum, problemele sociale \u0219i protec\u021bia mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00cen prezent, am asistat la o cre\u0219tere a suprafe\u021belor cultivate cu vi\u021b\u0103-de-vie ecologic\u0103 \u00een \u00eentreaga lume, \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de o tendin\u021b\u0103 puternic\u0103 de atestare. Raportul de \u00eenso\u021bire analizeaz\u0103 evolu\u021bia suprafe\u021belor de vi\u021b\u0103-de-vie ecologic\u0103 din podgoriile certificate care produc struguri de vin, struguri de mas\u0103 \u0219i struguri de mas\u0103 \u0219i stafide<\/strong> din 2005 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2019. Un raport al OIV<\/a> pe care \u00eel pute\u021bi vedea mai detaliat aici.<\/p>\n

Acest raport de \u00eenso\u021bire analizeaz\u0103 evolu\u021bia suprafe\u021belor de vi\u021b\u0103-de-vie ecologic\u0103 din podgoriile certificate care produc struguri de vin, struguri de mas\u0103 \u0219i struguri de mas\u0103 \u0219i stafide din 2005 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2019.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 2019, Spania <\/strong>a fost principalul produc\u0103tor mondial de produse ecologice <\/strong>\u00een func\u021bie de suprafa\u021ba viticol\u0103, cu 121 kg\/ha (27% din suprafa\u021ba viticol\u0103 ecologic\u0103 mondial\u0103). \u00cen acela\u0219i an, un total de 13% din podgoria sa na\u021bional\u0103 a fost certificat\u0103 ca fiind ecologic\u0103. \u00centre 2005 \u0219i 2019, Spania a cunoscut o expansiune semnificativ\u0103 a suprafe\u021belor de vi\u021b\u0103-de-vie ecologic\u0103, cu o rat\u0103 medie anual\u0103 de cre\u0219tere de 16%. Primele trei regiuni \u00een func\u021bie de suprafa\u021b\u0103 sunt Castilla-La Mancha (50,5% din suprafa\u021ba viticol\u0103 ecologic\u0103), Catalonia (15,4%) \u0219i Valencia (10,6%).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd a ap\u0103rut termenul de agricultur\u0103 ecologic\u0103<\/h2>\n

Teoretizarea agriculturii ecologice dateaz\u0103 din 1974 \u00een Statele Unite (statul Oregon) \u0219i din 1979 \u00een California. Patru ani mai t\u00e2rziu a fost adus \u00een Europa de c\u0103tre francezi, conform articolului la care facem referire. \u00centre secolele XIX \u0219i XX, a ap\u0103rut teoretizarea agriculturii ecologice. Aceste trei \u021b\u0103ri au fost primele care au legiferat cu privire la agricultura ecologic\u0103, iar ulterior au fost emise diferite reglement\u0103ri de c\u0103tre institu\u021biile federale, de\u0219i nu exist\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 o defini\u021bie unanim\u0103 a defini\u021biei \u0219i practicilor agriculturii ecologice la nivel interna\u021bional de c\u0103tre federa\u021biile de produc\u0103tori \u0219i guverne.<\/p>\n

\u00cen conformitate cu Rezolu\u021bia 460-2012 a OIV-ECO,<\/strong> viticultura ecologic\u0103 este un sistem de produc\u021bie care:<\/p>\n

– Urm\u0103re\u0219te s\u0103 men\u021bin\u0103 ecosistemele \u0219i fertilitatea solului pe termen lung,<\/p>\n

– Urm\u0103re\u0219te cre\u0219terea biodiversit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i protec\u021bia resurselor naturale,<\/p>\n

– \u00cencearc\u0103 s\u0103 promoveze utilizarea proceselor \u0219i ciclurilor ecologice,<\/p>\n

– \u00cencearc\u0103 s\u0103 reduc\u0103 la minimum sau s\u0103 elimine interven\u021biile externe \u0219i practicile viticole care necesit\u0103 utilizarea de produse chimice de sintez\u0103,<\/p>\n

– \u00cencearc\u0103 s\u0103 utilizeze produse \u0219i procese ecologice \u00een procesele de transformare \u0219i de produc\u021bie, \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 evite toate tehnicile care au un impact negativ considerabil asupra mediului.<\/p>\n

– Exclude utilizarea organismelor modificate genetic \u0219i a inputurilor derivate din organisme modificate genetic.<\/p>\n

Conform acestei rezolu\u021bii, viticultura ecologic\u0103 se bazeaz\u0103 pe trei principii: fertilitatea solului<\/strong>, men\u021binerea biodiversit\u0103\u021bii <\/strong>\u0219i controlul d\u0103un\u0103torilor <\/strong>\u00een conformitate cu ciclurile \u0219i procesele ecologice.<\/p>\n

Raportul la care ne referim prezint\u0103 evolu\u021bia viticulturii ecologice certificate la nivel mondial (63 de \u021b\u0103ri) \u00eentre 2005 \u0219i 2019, at\u00e2t pentru \u021b\u0103rile care s-au convertit deja la agricultura ecologic\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru cele care sunt \u00een curs de conversie.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Suprafa\u021ba global\u0103 cultivat\u0103 cu vi\u021b\u0103-de-vie ecologic\u0103 \u00een 2019<\/h2>\n

\u00cen 2019, un total de 63 de \u021b\u0103ri de pe toate continentele au fost implicate \u00een viticultura ecologic\u0103,<\/p>\n

iar suprafa\u021ba viticol\u0103 ecologic\u0103 certificat\u0103 a fost estimat\u0103 la 454 kg\/ha, reprezent\u00e2nd 6,2% din suprafa\u021ba viticol\u0103 global\u0103. De\u0219i harta din figura 4 arat\u0103 \u00een mod clar concentra\u021bia mare de podgorii ecologice \u00een Europa, aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 de produc\u021bie c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 teren \u0219i \u00een multe \u021b\u0103ri de pe alte continente.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Overview of the world’s organic vineyards in 2019<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Rata de conversie a podgoriilor la produc\u021bia ecologic\u0103 a crescut considerabil de la \u00eenceputul secolului XXI.<\/strong> Pe parcursul \u00eentregii perioade analizate pentru acest raport (2005-2019), suprafa\u021ba viticol\u0103 ecologic\u0103 certificat\u0103 a crescut \u00een medie cu 13% pe an<\/strong>, \u00een timp ce suprafa\u021ba viticol\u0103 “neecologic\u0103” a sc\u0103zut \u00een medie cu 0,4% pe an \u00een aceea\u0219i perioad\u0103 de timp. Unul dintre factorii care stau la baza acestei rate puternice de cre\u0219tere este faptul c\u0103 viticultura ecologic\u0103 certificat\u0103 este \u00eenc\u0103 un fenomen recent.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Top 10 \u021b\u0103ri produc\u0103toare de struguri ecologici din lume<\/h2>\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te distribu\u021bia podgoriilor ecologice<\/strong>, 10 \u021b\u0103ri reprezint\u0103 91% din totalul mondial. Dintre ace\u0219ti 10 lideri \u00een produc\u021bia ecologic\u0103 (figurile 7 \u0219i 8), 3 se afl\u0103 \u00een Europa: Spania, Italia \u0219i Fran\u021ba cultiv\u0103 \u00een principal struguri pentru vin \u0219i reprezint\u0103 75% din suprafa\u021ba viticol\u0103 ecologic\u0103 certificat\u0103 la nivel mondial. Acest trio este urmat de 3 \u021b\u0103ri din afara Comunit\u0103\u021bii Europene: Statele Unite (4%), unul dintre principalii actori \u00een viticultura ecologic\u0103, cu o suprafa\u021b\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 \u00eentre strugurii de vin, strugurii de mas\u0103 \u0219i stafide; urmat\u0103 de Turcia (3%), care produce \u00een principal struguri de mas\u0103 \u0219i stafide; \u0219i China (3%), care cultiv\u0103 at\u00e2t struguri de mas\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i struguri de vin. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, Germania (2%), Austria (1%), Grecia (1%) \u0219i Argentina (1%), singurul reprezentant din America de Sud, completeaz\u0103 topul primelor 10 \u021b\u0103ri produc\u0103toare de struguri ecologici, cu podgorii dedicate \u00een principal produc\u021biei de struguri de vin.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/h2>\n

Distribution of world area under organic vines in 2019<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Top 10 countries by area under organic vines in 2019 (kha) <\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te ponderea podgoriilor ecologice \u00een raport cu suprafa\u021ba total\u0103 a podgoriilor din \u021bar\u0103, clasamentul este dominat de \u021b\u0103rile europene. Italia dedic\u0103 15% din podgoriile sale viticulturii ecologice, urmat\u0103 de Fran\u021ba (14%) \u0219i Austria (14%). Singura \u021bar\u0103 non-european\u0103 din top 10 este Mexicul, cu 8% din suprafa\u021ba sa viticol\u0103 certificat\u0103 ecologic.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Evolu\u021bia podgoriilor ecologice pe \u021b\u0103ri<\/h3>\n

Podgoriile ecologice certificate<\/strong> sunt foarte concentrate \u00een Europa, \u00een m\u0103sura \u00een care, \u00een 2019, acestea reprezentau 381 kg\/ha, adic\u0103 84% din suprafa\u021ba total\u0103 a podgoriilor ecologice certificate la nivel mondial.<\/p>\n

Acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 faptului c\u0103 anumite politici ale UE au \u00eencurajat dezvoltarea zonelor ecologice, \u00een special a podgoriilor. \u00cen UE, dezvoltarea viticulturii ecologice este prev\u0103zut\u0103 \u00een cadrul celui de-al doilea pilon al politicii agricole comune (PAC), care a contribuit la extinderea suprafe\u021belor ecologice \u00een Europa.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00cen Spania<\/h4>\n

\u00cen 2019, Spania a fost principalul produc\u0103tor mondial de produse ecologice \u00een func\u021bie de suprafa\u021ba viticol\u0103, cu 121 kg\/ha (27% din suprafa\u021ba viticol\u0103 ecologic\u0103 mondial\u0103). \u00cen acela\u0219i an, un total de 13% din podgoria sa na\u021bional\u0103 a fost certificat\u0103 ca fiind ecologic\u0103. \u00centre 2005 \u0219i 2019, Spania a cunoscut o expansiune semnificativ\u0103 a suprafe\u021belor de vi\u021b\u0103-de-vie ecologic\u0103, cu o rat\u0103 medie anual\u0103 de cre\u0219tere de 16%. Primele trei regiuni \u00een func\u021bie de suprafa\u021b\u0103 sunt Castilla-La Mancha (50,5% din suprafa\u021ba viticol\u0103 ecologic\u0103), Catalonia (15,4%) \u0219i Valencia (10,6%).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Organic Vineyard Evolution in Spain (kha) <\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Se pare c\u0103 a vorbi despre viticultur\u0103 ecologic\u0103 \u00een zilele noastre este o metod\u0103 larg r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 \u0219i cunoscut\u0103, dar nu a fost \u00eentotdeauna a\u0219a. La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XX-lea, c\u00e2nd termenul “organic” a \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie folosit \u00een viticultur\u0103, asocierea sa avea mai mult de-a face cu o tendin\u021b\u0103 trec\u0103toare dec\u00e2t cu o realitate care […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":359,"featured_media":87280,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2205],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54869","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tendinte-sectoriale"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agrovin.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54869","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agrovin.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agrovin.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrovin.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/359"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrovin.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54869"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/agrovin.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54869\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrovin.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87280"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agrovin.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54869"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrovin.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54869"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrovin.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54869"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}